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Ernst August Wilhelm Steinhoff (February 11, 1908 – December 2, 1987) was a rocket scientist and member of the "von Braun rocket group", at the Peenemünde Army Research Center (1939-1945). Ernst Steinfhoff was an avid Nazi who saw National Socialist doctrines as "ideals" and became a member of the NSDAP in May 1937.〔Michael Neufeld: ''The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemünde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missle Era'', Harvard University Press, 1996, ISBN 067477650X〕 He was a glider pilot, helding distance records and had the honorary Luftwaffe rank of "Flight Captain". Ernst Steinhoff earned his PhD at the Darmstadt University of Technology in 1940 with a dissertation on aviation instruments. His younger brother Friedrich Steinhoff assisted rocket experiments while commanding in 1942.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Friedrich Steinhoff )〕 Ernst was among the scientists to surrender and travel to the United States to provide rocketry expertise via Operation Paperclip. Friedrich was captured aboard and committed suicide in a Boston jail〔 before Ernst came to the United States on the first boat, November 16, 1945.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Steinhoff, Ernst )〕 with Operation Paperclip and Fort Bliss, Texas (1945-1949). He then moved to Holloman Air Force Base where he also worked closely with White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. He focused on guidance, control, and range instrumentation throughout his career.〔 He was awarded the Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service in 1958 for his contributions to the US rocket program.〔Stuhlinger, E., Ordway, F.I., McCall, J.C., and Bucher, G.C. (1963) ''Aeronautical Engineering and Science'', McGraw-Hill.〕 In 1979 he was inducted into the New Mexico International Space Hall of Fame.〔 Steinhoff is being credited as one of the first pioneers to popularize the concept of space resource utilization for Mars exploration. He became the first chairman of Working Group on Extraterrestrial Resources (WGER). 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